What does PQR stand for?

PQR stands for Procedure Qualification Record. It documents the actual welding parameters used to produce a test coupon and the mechanical-test results from that coupon. A PQR supports one or more WPSs.

Is a PQR always required?

No. WPSs that fall inside AWS D1.1 Clause 5 prequalified limits do not need a project-specific PQR. ASME Section IX and API 1104 procedures always require a PQR — there is no prequalification path in those codes.

How long is a PQR valid?

Indefinitely, as long as the code edition and essential variables remain valid. PQRs from decades ago can still support current WPSs — but verify table renumbering when migrating to newer code editions.

Who performs the PQR test welds?

The test coupon is welded by a qualified welder using the draft WPS, witnessed by a CWI or other qualified inspector. The coupon is sent to an accredited mechanical-testing lab for tensile, bend, and (if required) CVN tests.

What is a PQR? Procedure Qualification Record, explained

A Procedure Qualification Record (PQR) is the test-weld documentation proving that a welding procedure produces sound welds. Here's what a PQR contains and when you need one.

A Procedure Qualification Record (PQR) is a document that proves a welding procedure works. It records the actual welding variables used on a test coupon and the mechanical-test results from that coupon. A PQR is what stands between a draft WPS and a code-compliant one when the WPS falls outside prequalified limits.

What a PQR records

A complete AWS D1.1 PQR includes:

PQR number, date, supporting code and edition
Witnessing inspector's name, credential, and signature
Process used (SMAW, SAW, GMAW, FCAW, GTAW)
Joint configuration with sketch
Base metal specification, group, thickness, diameter
Filler metal classification and diameter
Actual amperage, voltage, travel speed for each pass
Preheat and interpass temperatures recorded
Heat input calculation
Position used and progression
Tensile-test results (specimen geometry, area, ultimate strength, location of fracture)
Bend-test results (face, root, side bends; bend angle; defect summary)
CVN impact test results (per Table 6.8) if required
Macroetch and visual examination notes
Lab certification and date

A PQR is signed and dated. It's a permanent record.

How a PQR is generated

Three actors:

The welder makes a test coupon following the draft WPS. The welder must already hold a current WPQ for the process and position being tested.
The CWI or witnessing inspector observes the test, records every parameter as it actually happens, and seals the coupon for lab shipment.
The mechanical testing lab runs tensile, bend, and (if required) CVN tests per the code's specimen geometry and acceptance criteria. The lab issues a certified test report.

The PQR consolidates the witnessed parameters and the lab report into one document.

What "essential variables" means on the PQR

When you write a WPS from a PQR, the WPS can list ranges (e.g., amperage 115–145 A). The qualified range comes from the PQR's actual value plus the latitude allowed by Table 6.6 essential variables. A PQR with a recorded amperage of 130 A typically supports a WPS amperage range that brackets 130 A.

The PQR is the anchor; the WPS is the operating envelope around the anchor.

One PQR, many WPSs

A PQR supports more than one WPS. If your PQR qualified SMAW with E7018 on Group I material at 3/8-in thickness in the 1G position, you can write WPSs for:

The same parameters in 1G fillet welds (same essential variables, different joint)
2G groove welds (if 2G is within the qualified position range)
Thinner plate down to the qualified minimum thickness
Thicker plate up to the qualified maximum

Each WPS cites the supporting PQR by number.

Cost and timeline

A typical AWS D1.1 PQR costs $1,500–$4,000 in lab fees and 2–4 weeks of calendar time:

Weld the coupon (1 day, plus access to a welder and witnessing inspector)
Ship to lab (2–5 business days)
Lab testing and report (1–2 weeks)
Compile and sign the PQR (1–2 days)

It's a one-time cost. The PQR is good for the life of the procedure.

When to qualify by test vs prequalify

If your work can fit inside Clause 5 prequalified limits, do that — no PQR, no test fees. Qualify by test when:

Your filler classification isn't in Table 5.4 matched to your base metal
You're using a non-prequalified joint geometry
You're using GTAW (not prequalified under D1.1)
You're using non-listed base metals
A contract or AHJ requires project-specific qualification regardless of Clause 5